Glyphosate, pathways to modern diseases III: Manganese, neurological diseases, and associated pathologies
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392553/
The sulfate ion transporter, Sat-1, plays an important role not only in sulfate transport but also in oxalate transport,[273] as evidenced by the fact that mice with a disrupted Sat-1 gene develop urolithiasis.[252] Glyoxylate is not only a substrate of Sat-1 but it is also a key regulator.[252] The upregulation of SAT-1 by glyoxylate in hepatic cells likely serves to flush oxalate and glyoxylate from the liver, to avoid hepatotoxicity. However, this can lead to nephrotoxicity due to glyoxylate glycation damage and the formation of kidney stones. Due to competition between oxalate and sulfate for transport via Sat-1, glyoxylate, and oxalate, likely, also disrupt sulfate homeostasis in the liver. Sulfate is critical for bile acid formation and for detoxification of xenobiotics such as acetaminophen.
The conversion of glyoxylate to oxalate by the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase is inhibited by oxalate.[87] Hence gloxylate, derived from glyphosate breakdown, would accumulate in the presence of excess oxalate.
Aside from the obvious damaging effects of oxalate crystals on tissues, the oxalate, whose metabolism is impaired due to Mn deficiency, will also interfere with the metabolism of glyphosate, likely greatly increasing both its effectiveness as an herbicide and its toxicity to mammals. Under oxalate stress conditions, both superoxide and the hydroxyl radical are produced in excess amounts.[258] Obviously, the ineffectiveness of Mn-SOD due to Mn deficiency would further enhance the damage due to excess oxalate. SOD activity has been shown to be reduced in association with the urolithic kidney, and methionine supplementation can alleviate this problem.[257] As mentioned previously, methionine is depleted by glyphosate.
Moral: Know that glyoxylate is a breakdown product of the main ingredient in Round-UP - glyphosate. The point here is the main reason to try and eat organic/NON-GMO foods as much as possible. To avoid the pesticides that have been sprayed on the plants.
Evidence that the incidence of kidney stones is increasing..
Prevalence of Kidney Stones in the United State
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0302283812004046
Conclusions
Kidney stones affect approximately 1 in 11 people in the United States. These data represent a marked increase in stone disease compared with the NHANES III cohort, particularly in black, non-Hispanic and Hispanic individuals. Diet and lifestyle factors likely play an important role in the changing epidemiology of kidney stones.
