Small sample of the vitamin K deficiency and calcium buildup in soft tissue researchRegression of warfarin-induced medial elastocalcinosis by high intake of vitamin K in rats.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17138823Both the VK-rich diets decreased the arterial calcium content by some 50%. In addition, arterial distensibility was restored by the VK-rich diet. Using MGP antibodies, local VK deficiency was demonstrated at sites of calcification. This is the first study in rats demonstrating that AC and the resulting decreased arterial distensibility are reversible by high-VK intake.
Dietary vitamin K1 and therapeutic warfarin alter the susceptibility to vascular calcification in experimental chronic kidney disease.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23344475Treatment of CKD rats with warfarin markedly increased pulse pressure and pulse wave velocity, as well as significantly increased calcium concentrations in the thoracic aorta (3-fold), abdominal aorta (8-fold), renal artery (4-fold), and carotid artery (20-fold). In contrast, treatment with high dietary vitamin K1 increased vitamin K tissue concentrations (10-300-fold) and blunted the development of vascular calcification. Thus, vitamin K has an important role in modifying mechanisms linked to the susceptibility of arteries to calcify in an experimental model of CKD.
Role of vitamin K and vitamin K-dependent proteins in vascular calcification.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11374034This is the first report demonstrating the association between MGP (from Vitamin K) and vascular calcification. The hypothesis is put forward that undercarboxylation of MGP is a risk factor for vascular calcification and that the present RDA values (vitamin K) are too low to ensure full carboxylation of MGP.
Chronic coumarin treatment is associated with increased extracoronary arterial calcification in humans.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20354170Coumarin use and MGP were associated with calcification, even after adjusting for other risk factors. We conclude that long-term use of coumarins is associated with enhanced extracoronary vascular calcification, possibly through the inhibition of MGP carboxylation.
Vitamin K supplementation and progression of coronary artery calcium in older men and women.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19386744Phylloquinone (vitamin K1) supplementation slows the progression of CAC in healthy older adults with preexisting CAC, independent of its effect on total MGP concentrations. Because our data are hypothesis-generating, further studies are warranted to clarify this mechanism.
Effects of the blood coagulation vitamin K as an inhibitor of arterial calcification.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18234293These findings suggest that MK4 acts as an anti-calcification component in the vessel wall.
Treatment with vitamin k(2) combined with bisphosphonates synergistically inhibits calcification in cultured smooth muscle cells.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174662The role of vitamin K in soft-tissue calcification.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22516724
Owen R. Fonorow
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